The United Kingdom had cancelled the procurement of the TSR-2 and subsequent F-111K aircraft, and was still looking for a replacement for its Avro Vulcan and Blackburn Buccaneer strike aircraft. Including all variants, 990 aircraft were built.Īrtist's concept of the AFVG, an ancestor to the MRCA programmeĭuring the 1960s, aeronautical designers looked to variable-geometry wing designs to gain the manoeuvrability and efficient cruise of straight wings with the speed of swept wing designs. The Tornados of various services were also used in the Bosnian War, Kosovo War, Iraq War, in Libya during the 2011 Libyan civil war, as well as smaller roles in Afghanistan, Yemen, and Syria. The Tornado was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Italian Air Force, and RSAF during the Gulf War of 1991, in which the Tornado conducted many low-altitude penetrating strike missions. A tri-nation training and evaluation unit operating from RAF Cottesmore, the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, maintained a level of international co-operation beyond the production stage.
The Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) became the only export operator of the Tornado in addition to the three original partner nations. Due to its multirole design, it was able to replace several different fleets of aircraft in the adopting air forces. It first flew on 14 August 1974 and was introduced into service in 1979–1980. The Tornado was developed and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft Corporation), MBB of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy.
There are three primary Tornado variants: the Tornado IDS ( interdictor/ strike) fighter-bomber, the Tornado ECR ( electronic combat/ reconnaissance) SEAD aircraft and the Tornado ADV (air defence variant) interceptor aircraft. The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine, variable-sweep wing multirole combat aircraft, jointly developed and manufactured by Italy, the United Kingdom and West Germany.
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